One of the most common injuries in any sport that involves running, jumping, or changing direction, is a sprained ankle. Ankle sprains can range in severity from a minor annoyance to complete instability and inability to function. What exactly is an ankle sprain? Strong ligaments hold the bones of the ankle and hind foot to the leg bones (tibia and fibula). With twisting injuries to the ankle these ligaments are stretched or torn. We can grade an ankle sprain based on degree of stretching or tearing. In our system a Grade I is a minor stretching and a Grade III is a complete tear of the ligaments. The lateral or outside ligaments are the ones most often involved.

Prevention of sprains involves proper conditioning and appropriate shoe wear. Another important preventative measure is stretching. A tight Achilles tendon (heel cord) makes the ankle prone to turn inward. Proper stretching can actually reduce the incidence of ankle sprain by allowing better function of the ankle joint.

Once the injury occurs treatment initially involves rest, ice, compression, and elevation, or the R.I.C.E. treatment. After initial treatment for a period of approximately 24 hours to decrease the swelling, a program of range-of-motion exercises and strengthening is started. Some form of immobilization or stabilization might be necessary to allow walking. A device often used for stabilization is called an air cast splint. This allows for up and down motion of the foot, but protects the healing ligaments from further twisting. Severe sprains (Grade III) may require surgery for repair.

Remember stretching and strengthening is the best way to avoid injury.